ABSTRACT The agro-industrialization of animal products has led to a significant waste generation, which has been stabilized by composting process in specialized plants. Waste stabilization time on composting depends on the handling used. 12 treatments were performed, three frequency turnings combined with two environmental conditions (with and without coverage of the composting area) and with and without commercial inoculant, whose results were submitted to multiple regression analysis. Windrows turned twice a week in the first month had adequate temperature control and stabilization time of 83.5 and 95.5 days for uncovered and covered windrows, respectively. Uncovered windrows have accelerated the process in 10 days on average, with the disadvantage of increasing nutrient losses. The weekly inoculation of Bacillus (subtilis, licheniformis and polymyxa) and Yarrowia lipolytica had no significant effect (p≥0.05).

ABSTRACT The growing demand for animal protein is directly related to the feedlot system of animals and their assumptions, such as the waste management. The characterization of the final products becomes an important factor in decision making by one or by other process. The objective was highlight characteristics that fertilizers present due to the used of stabilization process, by the principal component analysis. For the manure stabilization we realized three aerobic processes, composting, vermicomposting and natural decomposition, and one anaerobic, the anaerobic digestion. These processes produced the compost, the vermicompost, the decomposed manure and the biofertilizer. Fertilizers produced were analyzed by means of seventeen chemical and physic-chemical parameters. The main differences are related to stability and organic matter content. The compost is more stable fertilizer and decomposed manure is the worst. The vermicompost is presented as the best option to adsorb cadmium and lead. The biofertilizer has the lowest values of pH, CEC and adsorptive capacity of heavy metals (Cd and Pb). The decomposed manure in presence of precipitation, and the vermicompost, with significant irrigation, generates fertilizers with smaller source of potassium.

O manejo na compostagem pode influenciar nas características dos compostos produzidos. O experimento utilizou três frequências de revolvimentos, combinadas às condições: com e sem cobertura do pátio de compostagem; com e sem uso de inoculante comercial, resultando em 12 leiras, instaladas no Núcleo Experimental de Engenharia Agrícola (NEEA), pertencente à Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Câmpus de Cascavel. Os resíduos e quantidades utilizadas em kg foram: sabugo de milho (7,5); resíduo de incubatório (5); lodo de flotador (31); cinza (1); resíduo da limpeza de trigo (120); resíduo da pré-limpeza de trigo (120); casquinha de milho (7,5); fração sólida da lavagem de caminhões usados no transporte de frangos (2); fração sólida do dejeto de suínos (1), e carvão (5), perfazendo um total de 300 kg em matéria natural. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência dos revolvimentos, a cobertura do pátio e a inoculação nas perdas de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn e Fe. As leiras revolvidas três vezes por semana no primeiro mês apresentaram perdas de N significativamente maiores (p<0,05). A cobertura do pátio de compostagem influenciou significativamente nas perdas de N, K, Mg e Na (p<0,05). Os compostos produzidos apresentaram alto valor agronômico em relação a macronutrientes e micronutrientes. Recomendam-se a utilização de cobertura do pátio e o revolvimento de duas vezes por semana, no primeiro mês, e uma vez nos meses subsequentes, para obter-se um composto com maior valor nutricional.

The management of composting may influence the characteristics of the produced compounds. The experiment used three frequencies of plowing, combined with the conditions: with and without coverage of the composting patio, with and without the use of commercial inoculant, resulting in 12 furrows, installed on the Experimental Center of Agricultural Engineering (NEEA), of the STATE UNIVERSITY OF WEST PARANÁ (UNIOESTE), Campus of Cascavel city - state of Paraná (PR), in Brazil. The waste and quantities used in kg were: corn cob (7.5); hatchery residue (5); floater sludge (31); ash (1); wheat cleaning residue (120); wheat pre-cleaning residue (120); corn peel (7.5); solid fraction of wash trucks used to transport chickens (2); solid fraction of pig manure (1) and coal (5), totaling 300kg of natural matter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of plowings, patio coverage and inoculation in losses of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe. The furrows plowed three times a week in the first month showed significant higher losses of N (p<0.05). The coverage of the composting patio influenced significantly the losses of N, K, Mg and Na (p<0.05). The produced compounds had a high agronomic value in relation to macro and micronutrients. It is recommended the use of patio coverage and plowing twice a week in the first month and once a week in the subsequent months for a compound with higher concentrations of nutrients.